Voice

Verb का वह रूप जिससे यह पता चलता है की Subject कोई काम करता है या Subject से कोई काम करवाया जाता है Voice कहलाता है.

Voice

Verb का वह रूप जिससे यह पता चलता है की Subject कोई काम करता है या Subject से कोई काम करवाया जाता है Voice कहलाता है –

• Ankit writes a letter. अंकित एक पत्र लिखता है.

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में कर्ता कार्य को स्वंय करता है. जबकि

• A letter is written by Ankit.  अंकित द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा जाता है.

में कर्म (Object) को कर्ता (Subject) बनाकर कार्य को करवाया गया है.

Voice दो प्रकार का होता है –

•  Active Voice (कर्ता वाच्य)
•  Passive Voice (कर्म वाच्य)

Active voice :- जब वाक्य में कर्ता स्वंय कार्य को करता है तो वाक्य में क्रिया (Verb) Active voice में होती है, इस वाक्य को Active voice का वाक्य कहते हैं-

• A.V.   I am buying a toffee.
• A.V.   They have seen a drama.

Passive voice :- जब वाक्य में कर्म (Object) को कर्ता बनाकर कार्य को करवाया जाता है तो उस वाक्य में क्रिया Passive voice में होती है और उस वाक्य को Passive voice का वाक्य कहते है –

• P.V.   A toffee is being bought by me.
• P.V.   A drama has been seen by them.

Active voice से Passive voice बनाने के नियम –

Rule 1 :- Active voice से Passive voice बनाने के लिए Subject को Object तथा Object को Subject बना कर रखते है, उसके पश्चात verb को Passive voice में लिखकर by लिखते है –

• A.V.   He writes a letter.
• P.V.   A letter is written by him.
• A.V.   He bought a car.
• P.V.   A car was bought by him.
• A.V.   She has sung a song.
• P.V.   A song has been sung by her.
• A.V.   You will tell a story.
• P.V.   A story will be told by you.
• A.V.   I had learnt a lesson.
• P.V.   A lesson had been learnt by me.

Rule 2 :- क्रिया परिवर्तन (Verb Changing) –

Tense	Verb (Active)	Verb (Passive)
Present Indefinite	s/es + VI	Is/am/are+VIII
Present Continuous	Is/am/are+VI+ing	Is/am/are+being+VIII
Present Perfect	Has/have+VIII	Has/have+been+VIII
Past Indefinite	Did or VII	Was/were+VIII
Past Continuous	Was/were+VI+ing	Was/were+Being+VIII
Past Perfect	Had+VIII	Had+been+VIII
Future Indefinite	Will/shall+VI	Will/Shall+be+VIII
Future Perfect	Will/shall+have+VIII	Will/shall+have+been+VIII

*अन्य Tense का Passive नहीं बनता है-

(i)   Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
(ii)  Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
(iii) Future Continuous Tense.
(iv) Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

Rule 3 :- Interchange between subject and object-

	Subject	Object
First Person	I	Me
	We	Us
Second Person	You	You
Third Person	He	Him
	She	Her
	They	Them
	It	It
	Who	Whom

Rule 4 :- जब Active voice के वाक्य में not का प्रयोग हो तो Passive voice बनाते समय not को Helping verb के तुरंत पश्चात ही लिखते है -

• A.V.   They will not see her.
• P.V.   She will not be seen by them.
• A.V.   He did not learn his lesson.
• P.V.   His lesson was not learnt by him.
• A.V.   She is not catching a butterfly.
• P.V.   A butterfly was not caught by her.

Rule 5 :- जब Active voice का वाक्य Interrogative हो तथा वाक्य Helping Verb से शुरू हो, तो उसे Passive voice बनाने के लिए –

(i) Interrogative: Active voice को Simple Active voice में बदल देते है.
(ii) अब Simple Active voice को Simple Passive voice में लिखते है.
(iii) इसके बाद Interrogative Passive voice बनाने के लिए Helping verb शुरू में लिख देते है –

• I.A.V.    Will you buy a car?
• S.A.V.   You will buy a car.
• S.P.V.   A car will be bought by you.
• I.P.V.    Will a car be bought by you?
• I.A.V.    Do you eat a mango daily?
• S.A.V.   You eat a mango daily.
• S.P.V.   A mango is eaten by you daily.
• I.P.V.    Is a mango eaten by you daily?

Rule 6 :- जब Active voice का वाक्य Wh-words (What, Where, How, Why, When) से शुरू होता है तो वाक्य का Passive voice बनाने के लिए वाक्य को Wh-word से ही शुरू करते है, उसके पश्चात Rule-5 के अनुसार परिवर्तन करते है-

• I.A.V.   Where did they see the Taj mahal?
• I.P.V.   Where was a tiger seen by them?
• I.A.V.   Why will you achieve a bird?
• I.P.V.   Why will a bird be achieved by you?

From Active to Passive -

Present Tense	Active voice	Passive voice
Indefinite	I write a letter.	A letter is written by me.
Continuous	I am writing a letter.	A letter is being written by me.
Perfect	I have written a letter.	A letter has been written by me.
Past Tense
Indefinite	I wrote a letter.	A letter was written by me.
Continuous	I was writing a letter.	A letter was being written by me.
Perfect	I had written a letter.	A letter had been written by me.
Future Tense
Indefinite	I shall write a letter.	A letter will be written by me.
Perfect	I shall have written a letter.	A letter will have been written by me.